Pane mamwe matambudziko echisikigo muakasiyana simbi welding ayo anotadzisa kusimudzira kwayo, senge kuumbwa uye kuita kweakasiyana simbi fusion zone.Yakawanda yekukuvadza kune akasiyana simbi welding chimiro inoitika munzvimbo yefusion.Nekuda kweakasiyana crystallization maitiro eiyo welds muchikamu chega chega padhuze nenzvimbo yefusion, Zviri nyore zvakare kugadzira shanduko yekuchinja ine kusaita zvakanaka uye shanduko mukuumbwa.
Mukuwedzera, nekuda kwenguva yakareba pakupisa kwepamusoro, kupararira kwemukati munzvimbo ino kuchawedzera, izvo zvichawedzera kuwedzera kusaenzana kwesimbi.Uyezve, kana simbi dzakasiyana dzakasungwa kana mushure mekupisa kupisa kana kupisa kwakanyanya-kupisa mushure mekuputika, zvinowanzoonekwa kuti kabhoni padivi repasi-alloy "inotama" kuburikidza nemuganhu we weld kuenda kune yakakwira-alloy weld, ichigadzira decarburization layers pa. mativi ese ari maviri emutsetse wekusanganisa.Uye iyo carburization layer, iyo base simbi inoumba decarburization layer pane yakaderera alloy side, uye carburization layer mafomu padivi repamusoro alloy weld.
Zvipingamupinyi uye zvipingamupinyi pakushandiswa nekuvandudzwa kwezvimiro zvesimbi zvakasiyana zvinonyanya kuratidzwa mune zvinotevera zvinhu:
1. Patembiricha yemumba, zvimisikidzo (sekusimba, kuita, kukotama, zvichingodaro) yenzvimbo yakasungwa yejoini yesimbi dzakasiyana kazhinji zviri nani pane izvo zvesimbi inosungirirwa.Zvisinei, pakupisa kwakanyanya kana mushure mekushanda kwenguva refu pakupisa kwepamusoro, kushanda kwenzvimbo yekubatana kwakaderera kune yesimbi yepasi.zvinhu.
2. Pane martensite transition zone pakati pe austenite weld uye pearlite base simbi.Iyi zone ine yakaderera kuoma uye yakakwirira-kuoma brittle layer.Iyo zvakare inzvimbo isina kusimba iyo inokonzera kutadza kwechikamu uye kukuvara.Ichaderedza iyo welded chimiro.kuvimbika kwekushandisa.
3. Carbon migration panguva ye-post-weld heat treatment kana high-temperature operation ichaita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwecarburized layers uye decarburized layers kumativi ose emutsara wekusanganiswa.Zvinowanzotendwa kuti kudzikiswa kwekabhoni mune decarburized layer kunotungamira kune shanduko huru (kazhinji kudzikira) muchimiro nekuita kwenzvimbo, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo iyi iite kutadza kwekutanga panguva yebasa.Izvo zvikamu zvekutadza zvemapaipi akawanda epamusoro-tembiricha ari musevhisi kana pasi pekuyedzwa anonamirwa mune decarburization layer.
4. Kukundikana kunoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu akadai senguva, tembiricha uye kushandura kushushikana.
5. Post-weld heat treatment haigone kubvisa kusara kwekushungurudzika kwekugovera munzvimbo yekubatana.
6. Inhomogeneity yemakemikari.
Kana simbi dzakasiyana dzakasungwa, sezvo simbi dziri kumativi ese e weld uye alloy kuumbwa kweweld zviri pachena kuti zvakasiyana, panguva yekugadzira simbi, hwaro hwesimbi uye welding zvinhu zvinonyunguduka nekusanganiswa.Kufanana kwekusanganiswa kuchachinja nekuchinja kwekugadzirisa welding.Shanduko, uye kusanganiswa kwakafanana kwakasiyanawo zvakanyanya pazvinzvimbo zvakasiyana-siyana zvejoka rakashongedzwa, izvo zvinoita kuti inhomogeneity yemakemikari emusanganiswa welded.
7. Inhomogeneity ye metallographic structure.
Nekuda kwekusaenderera mberi kwekemikari yemubatanidzwa wakasungwa, mushure mekuona kutenderera kwekupisa kwekupisa, zvimiro zvakasiyana zvinoonekwa munzvimbo imwe neimwe yejoini yakasungwa, uye zvakanyanya kuomarara zvimiro zvehurongwa zvinowanzoonekwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
8. Kusaenderera mberi kwekuita.
Misiyano yekuumbwa kwemakemikari uye metallographic chimiro cheakasungwa majoini anounza akasiyana ma mechanical emhando ye welded joints.Iyo simba, kuoma, purasitiki, kuoma, zvimiro zvekukanganisa, kukwira kwekushisa kwepamusoro, uye kusimba zvimiro zvenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana padivi pejoinhi rakasungwa zvakasiyana zvakanyanya.Iyi inhomogeneity yakakosha inoita kuti nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzejoint welded dziite zvakasiyana zvakanyanya pasi pemamiriro akafanana, nenzvimbo dzisina simba uye nzvimbo dzakasimba dzichionekwa.Kunyanya pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwepamusoro, majoini akasiyana esimbi akasungwa ari mubasa panguva yebasa.Kukundikana kwekutanga kunowanzoitika.
Hunhu hweakasiyana welding nzira kana welding dissimilar simbi
Mazhinji nzira dzekushongedza dzinogona kushandiswa kukwenenzvera simbi dzakasiyana, asi kana uchisarudza nzira dzewelding uye kugadzira matanho ekuita, hunhu hwesimbi dzakasiyana hunofanira kuramba huchitariswa.Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zve base simbi uye welded majoini, fusion welding, pressure welding uye dzimwe nzira dzewelding dzese dzinoshandiswa mune dzakasiyana simbi welding, asi imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira.
1. Welding
Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa fusion welding nzira mu dissimilar metal welding ndeye electrode arc welding, undermerged arc welding, gas shielded arc welding, electroslag welding, plasma arc welding, electron beam welding, laser welding, etc. Kuti uderedze dilution, kuderedza kusanganiswa. chiyero kana kudzora huwandu hwekunyungudika kweakasiyana simbi base zvinhu, erekitironi beam welding, laser welding, plasma arc welding uye dzimwe nzira dzine yakanyanya kupisa sosi simba density inogona kushandiswa.
Kuti uderedze kudzika kwekupinda, matanho etekinoroji akadai seasina kunanga arc, swing welding wire, strip electrode, uye yekuwedzera isina-energized welding waya inogona kugamuchirwa.Asi zvisinei kuti chii, chero bedzi iri fusion welding, chikamu chesimbi yepasi chinogara chichinyunguduka mu weld uye kukonzera dilution.Mukuwedzera, intermetallic compounds, eutectics, nezvimwewo ichaumbwawo.Kuti uderedze mhedzisiro yakaipa kudaro, nguva yekugara yesimbi mumvura kana yakakwirira-tembiricha yakasimba inofanirwa kudzorwa nekupfupiswa.
Zvisinei, pasinei nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza uye kuvandudzwa kwenzira dzekushongedza uye matanho ekugadzirisa, zvichiri kuoma kugadzirisa matambudziko ose paunenge uchipinza simbi dzakasiyana, nokuti kune marudzi akawanda ematare, maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekushanda, uye mafomu akasiyana-siyana.Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvinodikanwa kuti Pressure welding kana dzimwe nzira dzekushongedza dzinoshandiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko ekushongedza emamwe majoini akasiyana esimbi.
2. Pressure welding
Mazhinji ekumanikidza welding nzira dzinopisa chete simbi kuti isungirwe kune epurasitiki mamiriro kana kusatomboipisa, asi shandisa imwe kumanikidza sechinhu chakakosha.Kuenzaniswa nefusion welding, pressure welding ine zvimwe zvakanakira kana welding dissimilar metal joints.Chero bedzi iyo fomu yekubatana ichibvumira uye hutano hwekushongedza hunogona kusangana nezvinodiwa, kumanikidzika welding kunowanzova sarudzo inonzwisisika.
Munguva yekumanikidza welding, iyo interface nzvimbo yesimbi dzakasiyana inogona kana kusanyungudika.Nekudaro, nekuda kwekuita kwekumanikidza, kunyangwe paine simbi yakanyungudutswa pamusoro, inoburitswa uye kuburitswa (senge flash welding uye friction welding).Muzviitiko zvishomanana Kamwe simbi yakanyungudutswa inoramba iri mushure mekumanikidza welding (senge nzvimbo welding).
Sezvo pressure welding isingapise kana tembiricha yekudziya yakadzikira, inogona kuderedza kana kudzivirira yakashata mhedzisiro yekudziya kutenderera pane simbi zvinhu zve base simbi uye kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwebrittle intermetallic compounds.Dzimwe mafomu ekumanikidza welding anogona kutosvina iyo intermetallic makomisheni ayo akagadzirwa kunze kwekubatanidzwa.Mukuwedzera, hapana dambudziko rekuchinja kwezvinhu zve weld metal inokonzerwa nekuderedzwa panguva yekumanikidza welding.
Nekudaro, nzira zhinji dzekumanikidza welding dzine zvimwe zvinodiwa kune fomu rekubatana.Semuyenzaniso, spot welding, seam welding, uye ultrasonic welding inofanira kushandisa lap joints;panguva yekukweshana welding, kanenge kamwe workpiece inofanira kuva inotenderera yemuviri muchinjiko-chikamu;kuputika welding inongoshanda kune Huru nzvimbo yekubatanidza, etc. Pressure welding michina haisati yazivikanwa.Izvi pasina mubvunzo zvinodzikamisa chiyero chekushandisa chekumanikidza welding.
3. Dzimwe nzira
Kuwedzera kune fusion welding uye pressure welding, kune nzira dzinoverengeka dzinogona kushandiswa kupinza simbi dzakasiyana.Semuenzaniso, brazing inzira yekupinza simbi dzakasiyana pakati pefiller metal ne base metal, asi zviri kukurukurwa pano inzira yakakosha yekubhuroka.
Pane nzira inonzi fusion welding-brazing, kureva kuti, yakaderera-melting-point base metal side ye dissimilar metal joint is fusion-welded, uye yakakwira-melting-point base metal side yakabhurwa.Uye kazhinji simbi imwechete seyakadzika yakanyungudika base material inoshandiswa sesolder.Naizvozvo, iyo welding process pakati pebrazing filler simbi uye yakaderera melting point base simbi isimbi yakafanana, uye hapana akakosha matambudziko.
Iyo brazing process iri pakati pesimbi yekuzadza uye yakakwira melting point base simbi.Iyo base simbi hainyunguduke kana kupenya, iyo inogona kudzivirira akawanda weldability matambudziko, asi simbi yekuzadza inodiwa kuti ikwanise kunyorovesa base simbi zvakanaka.
Imwe nzira inonzi eutectic brazing kana eutectic diffusion brazing.Uku kudziyisa nzvimbo yakabatana yesimbi dzakasiyana kune imwe tembiricha, kuitira kuti simbi mbiri idzi dzigadzire yakaderera-kunyungudika-point eutectic panzvimbo yekubata.Iyo yakaderera-kunyungudika-point eutectic imvura pane ino tembiricha, ichinyanya kuve rudzi rwekutengesa pasina kudiwa kwekunze solder.Brazing nzira.
Ehe, izvi zvinoda kuumbwa kweiyo yakaderera-melting-point eutectic pakati pemasimbi maviri.Munguva yekuwaridzwa kwesimbi dzakasiyana, yepakati layer inowedzerwa, uye yepakati layer inodziiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderera kunyunguduka, kana kuumba yakaderera yekunyungudika eutectic inosangana nesimbi kuti isungirwe.Iyo yakatetepa yemvura yakaumbwa panguva ino, mushure meimwe nguva yekuchengetedza kupisa, inoita kuti yepakati layer inyunguduke.Kana zvese zvepakati zvakaturikidzana zvakapatsanurwa muhwaro zvinhu uye homogenized, akasiyana simbi akabatana asina zvepakati zvinhu anogona kuumbwa.
Iyi mhando yenzira inoburitsa shoma shoma yesimbi yemvura panguva yewelding process.Naizvozvo, inonziwo liquid phase transition welding.Chinhu chavo chakajairika ndechekuti hapana chimiro chekukanda mujoinhi.
Zvinhu zvekucherekedza kana welding dissimilar metals
1. Funga nezvemuviri, mechanical properties uye chemikemikari yekugadzira weldment
(1) Kubva pakuona kwesimba rakaenzana, sarudza matanda ewelding anosangana nemagetsi echigadziko chesimbi, kana kusanganisa kukwenenzverwa kwesimbi yepasi netsvimbo yewelding isina kuenzana simba uye yakanaka weldability, asi funga nezve chimiro chechimiro chesimbi. weld kusangana nesimba rakaenzana.Simba uye zvimwe kuomarara zvinodiwa.
(2) Ita kuti alloy yaro ienderane kana padyo nehwaro zvinhu.
(3) Kana iyo base simbi ine yakakwirira yeC, S, uye P tsvina inokuvadza, welding tsvimbo ine zvirinani kutsemuka kuramba uye porosity kuramba inofanira kusarudzwa.Inokurudzirwa kushandisa calcium titanium oxide electrode.Kana ichiri kutadza kugadziriswa, yakaderera hydrogen sodium type welding tsvimbo inogona kushandiswa.
2. Funga nezvemamiriro ekushanda uye kushanda kweweldment
(1) Pasi pemamiriro ekutakura mutoro wesimba uye mhedzisiro mutoro, mukuwedzera pakusimbisa simba, pane zvakakwirira zvinodikanwa zvekukanganisa kuoma uye kureba.Low hydrogen mhando, calcium titanium mhando uye iron oxide mhando electrodes inofanira kusarudzwa panguva imwe chete.
(2) Kana ikasangana neyakaora media, yakakodzera Stainless simbi welding tsvimbo dzinofanirwa kusarudzwa zvichienderana nerudzi, kutarisisa, tembiricha yekushanda yezvinobudisa nhau, uye ingave zvipfeko zvakajairika kana intergranular corrosion.
(3) Paunenge uchishanda pasi pemamiriro ekupfeka, inofanirwa kusiyaniswa kuti ndeye yakajairika kana yekukanganisa, uye kuti yakapfekwa pane yakajairika tembiricha kana yakakwirira tembiricha.
(4) Paunenge uchishanda pasi pemamiriro asiri ekupisa, matanda anonamirana welding anovimbisa yakaderera kana yakakwirira tembiricha mechanical properties inofanira kusarudzwa.
3. Funga kuoma kwechimiro chekubatana kwe weldment, kuoma, kugadzirira kwekuputsika kwekuputika uye nzvimbo yekugadzira.
(1) Kune mawelds ane maumbirwo akaoma kana hukuru hukuru, kuderera kwekushushikana kwesimbi weld panguva yekutonhora kwakakura uye kuputika kunowanzo kuitika.Welding tsvimbo ine yakasimba crack resistance inofanira kusarudzwa, seyakaderera-hydrogen welding rods, high-toughness welding rods kana iron oxide welding rods.
(2) Kune mawelds asingakwanisi kushandurwa nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu, matanda emagetsi anogona kusungirirwa munzvimbo dzese anofanira kusarudzwa.
(3) Pazvinhu zvewelding zvinonetsa kuchenesa, shandisa acidic welding rods iyo yakanyanya oxidizing uye isinganzwe kukero nemafuta kudzivirira kuremara senge pores.
4. Funga welding site midziyo
Munzvimbo dzisina DC welding muchina, hazvikurudzirwe kushandisa welding tsvimbo ine mashoma DC magetsi ekupa.Pane kudaro, masimbi ekuwelda ane AC uye DC magetsi anofanirwa kushandiswa.Dzimwe simbi (senge pearlitic heat-resistant simbi) dzinoda kubvisa kushushikana kwekupisa mushure mekudzikisira, asi haigone kubatwa nekupisa nekuda kwemamiriro emidziyo (kana kuganhurwa kwechimiro).Welding tsvimbo dzakagadzirwa neasiri-base simbi zvinhu (senge austenitic Stainless simbi) inofanira kushandiswa panzvimbo, uye post-weld kupisa kurapwa hakudiwi.
5. Funga kuvandudza mashandiro ewelding nekuchengetedza hutano hwevashandi
Apo ese ane acidic uye alkaline electrode anogona kusangana nezvinodiwa, acidic electrodes inofanira kushandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
6. Funga nezvekubudirira kwevashandi uye kugona kwehupfumi
Muchiitiko chekushanda kwakafanana, tinofanira kuedza kushandisa pasi-mutengo acidic welding rods pane alkaline welding rods.Pakati pe acidic welding rods, titanium type uye titanium-calcium type ndiyo inodhura zvakanyanya.Zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvicherwa zvenyika yangu, titanium iron inofanirwa kusimudzirwa nesimba.Coated welding tsvimbo.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-27-2023