Kusarudzwa uye kugadzirira kwe tungsten electrodes yeGTAW kwakakosha kukwenenzvera mhedzisiro uye kudzivirira kusvibiswa uye kushandazve.Vadivelu Comedy Getty Images
Tungsten chinhu chisingawanzo simbi chinoshandiswa kugadzira gasi tungsten arc welding (GTAW) electrodes.Iyo GTAW maitiro inovimba nekuoma uye yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba kwe tungsten kuendesa welding ikozvino kune arc.Nzvimbo yakanyunguduka ye tungsten ndiyo yakakwirira pakati pesimbi dzese, pa3,410 degrees Celsius.
Aya maelectrode asingabatike anouya muhukuru hwakasiyana nehurefu, uye anoumbwa ne pure tungsten kana alloys e tungsten nezvimwe zvisingawanzo wanikwa zvepasi zvinhu nema oxides.Sarudzo ye electrode yeGTAW inoenderana nerudzi uye ukobvu hweiyo substrate, uye kuti alternating current (AC) kana yakananga ikozvino (DC) inoshandiswa pakunama.Ndeipi yegadziriro nhatu dzekupedzisira dzaunosarudza, dzakatenderera, dzakanongedza, kana dzakaderedzwa, dzakakoshawo pakugadzirisa mhedzisiro uye kudzivirira kusvibiswa uye kushandazve.
Electrode yega yega ine mavara akadhindwa kubvisa kuvhiringika nezverudzi rwayo.Ruvara runoonekwa pamuromo we electrode.
Pure tungsten electrodes (AWS classification EWP) ine 99.50% tungsten, ine mwero wepamusoro wekushandisa weese maelectrodes, uye kazhinji yakachipa pane alloy electrodes.
Aya maelectrode anoumba yakachena spherical tip kana yapiswa uye inopa yakanakisa arc kugadzikana kweAC welding ine masaisai akaenzana.Yakachena tungsten inopawo yakanaka arc kugadzikana kweAC sine wave welding, kunyanya paaluminium uye magnesium.Kazhinji haishandiswe kuDC welding nekuti haipe iyo yakasimba arc kutanga yakabatana nethorium kana cerium electrodes.Hazvikurudzirwi kushandisa tungsten yakachena pa inverter-based machines;kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakanaka, shandisa inopinza cerium kana lanthanide electrodes.
Thorium tungsten electrodes (AWS classification EWTh-1 uye EWTh-2) ine kanenge 97.30% tungsten uye 0.8% kusvika 2.20% thorium.Kune marudzi maviri: EWTh-1 uye EWTh-2, ine 1% uye 2%, zvichiteerana.Zvichienderana.Iwo anowanzo kushandiswa emagetsi uye anofarirwa nehupenyu hwavo hwesevhisi uye nyore kushandisa.Thorium inonatsiridza kunaka kwemagetsi emagetsi e electrode, nekudaro inovandudza arc kutanga uye kubvumira yakakwirira ikozvino kutakura kugona.Iyo electrode inoshanda kure pasi pekushisa kwayo kwekunyunguduka, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya mwero wekushandisa uye inobvisa arc drift, nekudaro ichivandudza kugadzikana.Kuenzaniswa nemamwe maelectrode, thorium electrodes inoisa tungsten shoma mudziva rakanyungudutswa, saka inokonzeresa kushomeka kweweld.
Aya maelectrode anonyanya kushandiswa kunanga ikozvino electrode negative (DCEN) welding yekabhoni simbi, Stainless simbi, nickel uye titanium, pamwe neakakosha AC welding (senge yakatetepa aruminiyamu application).
Munguva yekugadzira, thorium inoparadzirwa zvakaenzana mukati me electrode, iyo inobatsira tungsten kuchengetedza mipendero yayo yakapinza mushure mekugaya-iyi ndiyo yakakodzera electrode chimiro chekushongedza simbi yakatetepa.Cherechedza: Thorium ine radioactive, saka unofanira kugara uchitevera yambiro dzemugadziri, mirairo uye material security data sheet (MSDS) paunenge uchiishandisa.
Cerium tungsten electrode (AWS classification EWCe-2) ine kanenge 97.30% tungsten uye 1.80% kusvika 2.20% cerium, uye inonzi 2% cerium.Aya maelectrode anoita zvakanyanya muDC welding pane yakaderera ikozvino marongero, asi anogona kushandiswa zvine hunyanzvi mumagadzirirwo eAC.Iine arc yayo yakanaka kutanga pane yakaderera amperage, cerium tungsten yakakurumbira mukushandisa senge njanji chubhu uye pombi kugadzira, sheet simbi kugadzirisa, uye basa rinosanganisira zvidiki uye chaizvo zvikamu.Kufanana nethorium, inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira kabhoni simbi, simbi isina tsvina, nickel alloys uye titanium.Mune zvimwe zviitiko, inogona kutsiva 2% thorium electrodes.Mamiriro emagetsi ecerium tungsten uye thorium akasiyana zvishoma, asi vazhinji vanopisa havagoni kusiyanisa.
Kushandiswa kweyepamusoro amperage cerium electrode hakukurudzirwe, nekuti yakakwira amperage ichaita kuti okisidhi ikurumidze kutamira kune kupisa kwepi, bvisa iyo oxide yemukati uye kukanganisa maitiro akanakira.
Shandisa akanongedza uye/kana matipi akachekwa (ye pure tungsten, cerium, lanthanum uye thorium marudzi) kune inverter AC uye DC welding maitiro.
Lanthanum tungsten electrodes (AWS classifications EWLa-1, EWLa-1.5 uye EWLa-2) ine kanenge 97.30% tungsten uye 0.8% kusvika 2.20% lanthanum kana lanthanum, uye inonzi EWLa-1, EWLa-1.5 uye EWLa-2 Lanthanum Department zvezvinhu.Aya maelectrode ane yakanakisa arc yekutanga kugona, yakaderera kupisa mwero, yakanaka arc kugadzikana uye akanakisa ekutonga maitiro-akawanda emabhenefiti akafanana secerium electrode.Lanthanide electrodes inewo maitiro ekuitisa e2% thorium tungsten.Mune zvimwe zviitiko, lanthanum-tungsten inogona kutsiva thorium-tungsten pasina shanduko huru kune welding maitiro.
Kana iwe uchida kukwidziridza kugona kwewelding, lanthanum tungsten electrode ndiyo yakanakira sarudzo.Iwo akakodzera AC kana DCEN ane tip, kana anogona kushandiswa neAC sine wave magetsi ekupa.Lanthanum uye tungsten inogona kuchengetedza yakapinza tipi zvakanaka, inova mukana wewelding simbi uye simbi isina tsvina paDC kana AC uchishandisa sikweya wave magetsi.
Kusiyana nethorium tungsten, maelectrode aya akakodzera AC welding uye, senge cerium electrodes, inobvumira arc kutangwa uye kuchengetedzwa pane yakaderera voltage.Kuenzaniswa ne pure tungsten, kune yakapihwa saizi ye electrode, kuwedzera kwelanthanum oxide kunowedzera huwandu hwekutakura ikozvino-inokwana 50%.
Iyo zirconium tungsten electrode (AWS classification EWZr-1) ine kanenge 99.10% tungsten uye 0.15% kusvika 0.40% zirconium.Iyo zirconium tungsten electrode inogona kugadzira arc yakagadzikana uye kudzivirira tungsten spatter.Iyo isarudzo yakanakira AC welding nekuti inoramba iine spherical tip uye ine yakanyanya kusvibiswa kuramba.Kutakura kwaro kwazvino kuenzana kana kukura kupfuura thorium tungsten.Hazvikurudzirwi kushandisa zirconium yeDC welding chero mamiriro ezvinhu.
Iyo isingawanzo pasi tungsten electrode (AWS classification EWG) ine isingazivikanwe isingawanzo pasi oxide additives kana musanganiswa wakasanganiswa weakasiyana oxides, asi mugadziri anofanirwa kuratidza chimwe nechimwe chinowedzera uye chikamu chayo pasuru.Zvichienderana nekuwedzera, mhedzisiro inodiwa inogona kusanganisira kugadzira arc yakagadzikana panguva ye AC uye DC maitiro, hupenyu hwakareba kupfuura thorium tungsten, kugona kushandisa madiki madhiyamita emagetsi mubasa rimwe chete, uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi ehukuru hwakafanana Higher current. uye shoma tungsten spatter.
Mushure mekusarudza rudzi rwe electrode, danho rinotevera nderokusarudza kugadzirira kwekupedzisira.Iwo matatu sarudzo dzakatenderedzwa, dzakanongedza uye dzakadimburwa.
Iyo spherical tip inowanzo shandiswa kune yakachena tungsten uye zirconium electrodes uye inokurudzirwa kune AC maitiro pane sine wave uye yechinyakare square wave GTAW michina.Kuti unyatso terraform kumagumo etungsten, ingoisa iyo AC ikozvino inokurudzirwa kune yakapihwa electrode dhayamita (ona Mufananidzo 1), uye bhora richaumbwa panoperera electrode.
Iyo dhayamita ye spherical end haifanire kudarika 1.5 times the diameter of the electrode (somuenzaniso, 1/8-inch electrode inofanira kuumba 3/16-inch dhayamita kupera).Chikamu chakakura pamuromo we electrode inoderedza kugadzikana kwearc.Inogonawo kudonha uye kusvibisa weld.
Mazano uye/kana matipi akachekwa (eye pure tungsten, cerium, lanthanum uye thorium marudzi) anoshandiswa muinverter AC uye DC welding process.
Kukuya tungsten zvakanaka, shandisa vhiri rekukuya rakagadzirirwa kukuya tungsten (kudzivisa kusvibiswa) uye gumbo rekukuya rakagadzirwa neborax kana diamond (kudzivisa kuoma kwe tungsten).Cherechedza: Kana uri kugaya thorium tungsten, tapota ita shuwa kudzora uye kuunganidza guruva;chiteshi chekukuya chine mhepo yakakwana yemhepo;uye tevera yambiro dzemugadziri, mirairo uye MSDS.
Gaya tungsten zvakananga pavhiri pakona ye90 degree (ona Mufananidzo 2) kuti uone kuti mavanga ekukuya anotambanuka nekureba kwe electrode.Kuita izvi kunogona kuderedza kuvapo kwema ridge pa tungsten, izvo zvinogona kukonzera arc kukukurwa kana kunyungudika mudziva weld, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa.
Kazhinji, iwe unoda kukuya taper pa tungsten kuti isapfuure 2.5 times the diameter of electrode (somuenzaniso, ye 1/8-inch electrode, pasi pevhu 1/4 kusvika 5/16 inches kureba).Kukuya tungsten mukoni kunogona kurerutsa shanduko yearc kutanga, uye kuburitsa yakawedzera arc, kuitira kuti uwane zvirinani welding kuita.
Kana welding pazvinhu zvitete (0.005 kusvika 0.040 inches) panguva yakaderera ikozvino, zviri nani kukuya tungsten kusvika padanho.Iyo muromo inobvumira welding ikozvino kuti ifambiswe mune yakatariswa arc uye inobatsira kudzivirira deformation yesimbi dzakatetepa sealuminium.Izvo hazvikurudzirwe kushandisa yakanongedza tungsten kune yakakwirira ikozvino maapplication nekuti iyo yakakwira ikozvino inopeperetsa kure kumusoro kwetungsten uye kukonzera kusvibiswa kwedziva re weld.
Kune yakakwirira ikozvino maapplication, zviri nani kukuya iyo truncated tip.Kuti uwane chimiro ichi, tungsten ndiyo yekutanga pasi kune taper inotsanangurwa pamusoro, uyezve pasi kusvika 0.010 kusvika 0.030 inches.Ivhu rakatsetseka pamagumo e tungsten.Iri pasi rakati sandara rinobatsira kudzivirira tungsten kubva pakufambisa nepakati pearc.Inodzivirirawo kuumbwa kwemabhora.
WELDER, yaimbozivikanwa sePractical Welding Nhasi, inoratidza vanhu chaivo vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zvatinoshandisa uye kushanda mazuva ese.Magazini iyi yave ichishandira nharaunda yokuNorth America kwemakore anopfuura 20.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-23-2021