Zivo pfungwa 1:Kupesvedzera zvinhu uye countermeasures ye welding process quality
Hunhu hwekuita hunoreva chiyero chevimbiso yemhando yechigadzirwa mukugadzira.Mune mamwe mazwi, kunaka kwechigadzirwa kwakavakirwa pamhando yemaitiro, uye inofanirwa kunge iine yakanakisa magadzirirwo emhando yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakanakisa.
Hunhu hwechigadzirwa haungori mushure mekupedzwa kwese kugadziridzwa uye basa rekubatanidza, kuburikidza nevashandi venguva yakazara yekuongorora kuti vaone akati wandei ehunyanzvi paramita, uye kuwana mvumo yemushandisi kunyangwe kana zvinodiwa zvasangana, asi pakutanga kwe process process iripo uye inomhanya kuburikidza neiyo yese maitiro ekugadzira.
Kuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chakakodzera here kana kuti kwete zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekukanganisa kwese kwemaitiro.Naizvozvo, maitiro ndiwo akakosha chinongedzo chemaitiro ekugadzira, asiwo yakakosha link yekuongorora.
Kugadzirwa kwewelded chimiro kunosanganisira maitiro mazhinji, sekubvisa uye ngura kubviswa kwezvinhu zvesimbi, kutwasanudza, kuisa chiratidzo, blanking, groove edge processing, kuumba, kuisirwa welded chimiro, welding, kupisa kupisa, etc. Imwe neimwe nzira ine humwe hutano hunodiwa, uye pane zvinhu zvinokanganisa kunaka kwayo.
Sezvo hutano hwekuita huchapedzisira hwaona kunaka kwechigadzirwa, zvinodikanwa kuti uongorore zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokanganisa kunaka kwemaitiro uye kutora matanho ekutonga anobudirira kuti ave nechokwadi chemhando yezvigadzirwa zvewelding.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kunaka kwemaitiro zvinopfupikiswa sezvizvi: vashandi, midziyo, zvigadzirwa, nzira dzekugadzirisa uye zvikamu zvishanu zvenzvimbo yekugadzira, inonzi "vanhu, michina, zvinhu, nzira, uye zvindori" zvinhu zvishanu.Dhigirii resimba rechinhu chimwe nechimwe pamhando yemaitiro akasiyana rakasiyana kwazvo, uye rinofanirwa kuongororwa zvakadzama.
Welding inzira yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwewelded structures, uye izvo zvinokanganisa kunaka kwayo ndizvo zvakare zviri pamusoro apa zvishanu.
1.Weldingopareta zvinhu
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushongedza dzinoenderana neanoshanda kune madhigirii akasiyana.
Kune manyorerwo arc welding, hunyanzvi hwekushandisa welder uye nekuchenjera kushanda maitiro kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chemhando yewelding.
Kune yakanyura arc otomatiki welding, kugadziridzwa kwewelding process paramita uye welding haigone kupatsanurwa kubva pakushanda kwevanhu.
Kune marudzi ese e semi-otomatiki welding, kufamba kwearc pamwe chete nejointi yakashongedzwa inodzorwawo neiyo welder.Kana iyo welder welding yemhando yekuziva yakashata, isina hanya kushanda, isingaenderane neiyo welding process process, kana yakaderera hunyanzvi hwekushandisa, tekinoroji isina hunyanzvi ichakanganisa kunaka kwekushongedza kwakananga.
Matanho ekudzora evashandi vewelding ndeaya anotevera:
(1) Simbisa dzidzo yemhando yekuziva yevacheki "mhando yekutanga, mushandisi kutanga, inotevera maitiro ndeye mushandisi", vandudza pfungwa yavo yemutoro uye nehunyanzvi hwekuita basa, uye gadza hurongwa hwekuita basa.
(2) Kugara uchidzidzira basa kune welders, tenzi maitiro anotonga nedzidziso, uye kuvandudza mwero wehunyanzvi hwekuita mukuita.
(3) Mukugadzira, ma welders anodiwa kuti anyatso shandisa iyo welding process mirau, uye kusimbisa yega-yega yekuongorora iyo welding process uye kuongororwa kwevazere-nguva inspectors.
(4) Nehungwaru shandisa iyo welder bvunzo sisitimu, tevedzera kune welder chitupa, gadza iyo welder technical mafaira.
Nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha kana zvakakosha zvakashongedzwa, kutarisisa kwakadzama kweiyo welder kunodiwa zvakare.Semuenzaniso, urefu hwenguva yekudzidzira welder, ruzivo rwekugadzira, ikozvino unyanzvi hwehutano, zera, urefu hwebasa, simba remuviri, maonero, kutarisa, nezvimwewo, zvose zvinofanira kuiswa muchiyero chekuongorora.
2.Welding muchina midziyo zvinhu
Kuita, kugadzikana uye kuvimbika kweakasiyana-siyana welding midziyo inokanganisa zvakananga kunaka kwewelding.Iyo yakanyanya kuomarara chimiro chemidziyo, iyo yakakwira dhigirii yemakanika uye otomatiki, iyo inokwirisa kutsamira kwemhando yewelding pairi.
Naizvozvo, rudzi urwu rwemidziyo inodiwa kuti ive nekuita zvirinani uye kugadzikana.Midziyo yeWelding inofanirwa kuongororwa uye kuongororwa isati yashandiswa, uye yenguva dzose yekuongorora system inofanirwa kuitwa kune ese marudzi e-in-service welding michina.
Mune welding quality assurance system, kutanga kubva pakuona mhando yewelding process, welding muchina nemidziyo zvinofanirwa kuita zvinotevera:
(1) Kugara kugadziridza, kugadzirisa uye kuwedzeredza kwemidziyo yewelding, uye akakosha welding zvimiro zvinofanirwa kuongororwa isati yagadzirwa.
(2) Gara uchitarisa ammeter, voltmeter, gasi kuyerera mita uye zvimwe zviridzwa pane welding midziyo kuti uone kuyerwa kwakaringana panguva yekugadzira.
(3) Gadzira mafaera ehunyanzvi emamiriro emidziyo yewelding kuti upe mazano ekuongorora nekugadzirisa matambudziko.
(4) Gadzira sisitimu yebasa revashandisi vemidziyo yekushongedza kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kuenderera kwekugadzirisa kwemidziyo.
Pamusoro pezvo, mamiriro ekushandisa emidziyo yekugezesa, senge zvinodikanwa zvemvura, magetsi, zvakatipoteredza, nezvimwewo, kugadziridzwa kwemidziyo yewelding, nzvimbo inodiwa pakushanda, uye kugadzirisa kwekukanganisa kunodawo kutariswa zvizere. kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekushandiswa kwakajairwa kwemidziyo yewelding.
3.Welding zvinhufactor
Izvo zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira welding zvinosanganisira base simbi, welding zvinhu (electrode, waya, flux, inodzivirira gasi), etc. Hunhu hwezvinhu izvi hwaro uye hwaro hwekuona kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvewelding.
Kuti uve nechokwadi chemhando yewelding, kuongororwa kwemhando yezvinhu zvakasvibiswa kwakakosha.Muchikamu chekutanga chekugadzirwa, ndiko kuti, zvakakosha kuvhara zvinhu zvisati zvadyisa, kuitira kudzikamisa kugadzirwa uye kudzikamisa kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvewelding.
Mune welding quality management system, kutonga kwemhando yewelding mbishi zvinhu zvinonyanya kusanganisira anotevera matanho:
(1) Simbisa kugamuchirwa uye ongororo yewelding mbishi zvinhu, uye ongororazve iwo emuviri nemakemikari indexes uye michina zvimiro kana zvichidikanwa.
(2) Gadzira yakasimba manejimendi system yewelding mbishi zvinhu kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwewelding mbishi zvinhu panguva yekuchengetedza.
(3) Shandisa iyo yekumaka mashandiro sisitimu yewelding mbishi zvinhu mukugadzira kuti uwane yekutevera uye kutonga kwemhando yewelding mbishi zvinhu.
(4) Sarudza welding raw material supply mafekitori uye mafekitori emubatanidzwa ane mukurumbira wakanyanya uye yakanaka chigadzirwa mhando yekuodha nekugadzirisa, uye kudzivirira zvakanyanya kuitika kwetsaona dzemhando yewelding.
Muchidimbu, kudzorwa kwewelding mbishi mbishi kunofanirwa kunge kwakavakirwa pane welding yakatarwa uye yenyika zviyero, yekutevera nenguva uye kutonga kwehuhu hwayo, pane kungopinda mufekitori kugamuchirwa, kusateera kumaka uye kuongororwa mukugadzira maitiro.
4.Welding process nzira zvinhu
Hunhu hwewelding hunoenderana zvakanyanya nemaitiro ekuita, uye inotora chinzvimbo chakatanhamara muzvinhu zvinokanganisa kunaka kweiyo welding process.
Pesvedzero yemaitiro ekuita pane welding mhando inonyanya kunobva kune maviri maficha, imwe ndiyo rationality yemaitiro ekugadzira;Imwe ndiyo kuomarara kwemaitiro ekuuraya.
Chekutanga pane zvese, iyo welding process yechigadzirwa kana chimwe chinhu inofanirwa kuongororwa, uyezve zvichienderana nehunyanzvi zvinodiwa zve process assessment report uye kudhirowa, kuvandudzwa kwewelding process process, kugadzirira kwe welding process mirairo kana welding process makadhi. , iyo inoratidzirwa mukunyora kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekugadzirisa maitiro ndiyo hwaro hwekutungamirira welding.Iyo yakavakirwa pakuenzanisa kwemamiriro akafanana ekugadzira akaitwa nebvunzo uye kwenguva yakareba yakaunganidzwa ruzivo uye chaiyo tekinoroji zvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa uye chakagadzirirwa, ndeyekuve nechokwadi chemhando yewelding hwaro hwakakosha, ine hunhu hwekunyorwa, kukomba. , kungwara nekuenderera mberi.Inowanzo gadzirirwa nevanoziva welding matekiniki kuti ive nechokwadi chekurongeka kwayo uye kurongeka.
Pamusoro pechikonzero ichi, kuti ive nechokwadi chekuomesera kwekushandiswa kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa nzira, hazvibvumirwi kuchinja maitiro ekugadzirisa pasina hwaro hwakakwana, uye kunyange kana zvichidikanwa kuchinja, inofanira kuita mamwe maitiro uye maitiro.
Isinganzwisisike welding process haigone kuvimbisa weld inokwanisa, asi nematanho akakodzera uye anonzwisisika maitiro akasimbiswa nekuongorora, kana isina kunyatsoitwa, zvakafanana hazvigone weld inokwanisa weld.Izvo zviviri zvinopindirana uye zvinoenderana nemumwe, uye hapana chinhu chinogona kufuratirwa kana kuregeredzwa.
Mune welding quality management system, kutonga kunoshanda kwezvinhu zvinokanganisa nzira yewelding ndeiyi:
(1) Iyo welding process inofanirwa kuongororwa zvinoenderana nemirairo yakakodzera kana zviyero zvenyika.
(2) Sarudza vane ruzivo welding matekiniki kugadzirira magwaro anodiwa ekuita, uye magwaro ekuita anofanirwa kunge akazara uye achienderera.
(3) Simbisa iyo-pa-saiti manejimendi uye manejimendi mune welding process zvinoenderana newelding process mirau.
(4) Isati yagadzirwa, iyo welding chigadzirwa bvunzo ndiro uye welding process yekuongorora bvunzo ndiro inofanira kuitwa zvichiteerana neiyo welding process mirau kuratidza iko kurongeka uye kurongeka kwemaitiro maitiro.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuvandudzwa kwemitemo yewelding process hakuna saizi, uye panofanirwa kuve nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa tsaona dzemhando yepamusoro kune zvakakosha welding zvimiro kuderedza kurasikirwa.
5.Environmental factor
Munzvimbo yakasarudzika, kutsamira kwemhando yewelding pane zvakatipoteredza zvakare yakakura.The welding oparesheni inowanzoitwa mumhepo yekunze, iyo inosungirwa kukanganiswa nekunze kwekunze mamiriro (senge tembiricha, mwando, mhepo nemvura uye chando mamiriro ekunze), uye mune zvimwe zvinhu, zvinokwanisika kukonzera matambudziko emhando ye welding nekuda kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu.
Naizvozvo, kumwe kutarisisa kunofanira kubhadharwa kwairi.Mune welding quality management system, zviyero zvekutonga zvezvakatipoteredza zviri nyore, kana mamiriro ekunze asingasviki zvinodiwa nemirairo, semhepo yakakura, kumhanya kwemhepo kunodarika mana, kana mvura nechando mamiriro ekunze, hunyoro hunoenderana nehukuru. kupfuura 90%, inogona kumisa kwenguva pfupi basa rekushongedza, kana kutora mhepo, mvura uye chando matanho pamberi pekuisa;
Kana welding payakadzika tembiricha, yakaderera kabhoni simbi haizove yakaderera pane -20 ° C, yakajairwa alloy simbi haizove yakaderera pane -10 ° C, sekupfuura iyi tembiricha muganhu, workpiece inogona kunyatsopisa.
Kuburikidza nekuongorora kuri pamusoro pezvinhu zvinokanganisa kunaka kwezvikamu zvishanu zvekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa uye matanho ekutonga nemitemo, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvikamu zvishanu zvezvinhu zvine hukama kune mumwe nemumwe uye kuyambuka, uye panofanira kuva kufunga kwakarongeka uye kunopfuurira.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-05-2023