Inodiwa ruzivo rwe welding quality control uye process audit.

Mukuita welding, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoda kutariswa.Kana yangoregeredzwa, ingava mhosho huru.Aya ndiwo mapoinzi aunofanirwa kutarisisa kana uchiongorora iyo welding maitiro.Kana iwe ukabata nenjodzi dzemhando yewelding, iwe uchiri kufanira kutarisisa kune aya matambudziko!

1. Welding kuvaka haina hanya nekusarudza yakanakisa voltage

[Phenomenon] Munguva yewelding, iyo arc voltage inosarudzwa zvisinei nekudzika, kuzadza, uye capping, zvisinei nehukuru hwegroove.Nenzira iyi, kudzika kunodiwa kwekupinda uye hupamhi hwekusanganisa hunogona kusasangana, uye hurema hwakadai senge undercut, pores, uye splashes zvinogona kuitika.

[Matanho] Kazhinji, zvinoenderana nemamiriro akasiyana, iyo inoenderana kureba arc kana pfupi arc inofanirwa kusarudzwa kuti iwane nani welding mhando uye kushanda nesimba.Semuyenzaniso, kupfupika-arc kushanda kunofanirwa kushandiswa kuitira kuti uwane kupinda zviri nani panguva yepasi welding, uye iyo arc voltage inogona kukwidziridzwa zvakafanira kuitira kuti iwane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye hupamhi hwekusanganisa panguva yekuzadza welding kana cap welding.

2. Welding haidzoreri welding ikozvino

[Phenomenon] Munguva yewelding, kuti ikurumidze kufambira mberi, mabutt welds epakati uye makobvu mahwendefa haana beveled.Iyo indekisi yesimba inodonha, kana kutotadza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa mwero, uye kutsemuka kunoonekwa panguva yekukotama bvunzo, izvo zvichaita kuti kuita kweakasungwa majoini asakwanise kuvimbiswa uye kuunza njodzi inogona kuitika kune kuchengetedzwa kwemaitiro.

[Matanho] Welding inofanirwa kudzorwa zvinoenderana neiyo welding ikozvino mukuongororwa kwemaitiro, uye 10-15% kushanduka kunobvumidzwa.Ukuru hwemupendero wakashata we groove haufanire kudarika 6mm.Paunenge uchigadzira, kana kukora kweplate kuchipfuura 6mm, bevel rinofanira kuvhurwa kuti rive welding.

3. Usatarise kumhanya kwewelding uye welding ikozvino, uye dhayamita yetsvimbo yekushongedza inofanira kushandiswa mukuwirirana.

[Phenomenon] Kana welding, usateerere kudzora kumhanya kwewelding uye welding ikozvino, uye shandisa iyo electrode dhayamita uye welding chinzvimbo mukubatana.Somuenzaniso, apo rooting welding inoitwa pamajoini ekona akazara zvakakwana, nekuda kwekukura kwemidzi, kana kukurumidza kwekutsvaira kwakakurumidza, gasi uye slag inclusions pamudzi haizove nenguva yakakwana yekubuda, izvo zvingakonzera kukanganisa nyore nyore. zvakadai sokupinda kusina kukwana, slag inclusions, uye pores pamudzi;Panguva yekuvhara kwevhavha, kana kukurumidza kwekutsvaira kwakakurumidza, zviri nyore kubudisa pores;kana iyo welding inokurumidza kunonoka, iyo weld reinforcement ichave yakanyanya kukwirira uye chimiro chinenge chisina kurongeka;Kunonoka, nyore kupisa kuburikidza uye zvichingodaro.

[Matanho] Kumhanyisa kweWelding kune zvakakosha pamhando yewelding uye kunyatsoita welding.Paunenge uchisarudza, sarudza iyo yakakodzera welding chinzvimbo zvinoenderana neazvino welding, weld chinzvimbo (pazasi welding, kuzadza welding, kuvhara welding), weld ukobvu, uye groove size.Kumhanya, pasi pemamiriro ekuvimbisa kupinda, kuburitsa nyore kwegasi uye welding slag, pasina kupisa-kuburikidza, uye kuumbwa kwakanaka, kukurumidza welding inosarudzwa kuti ivandudze chibereko uye kugona.

4. Usateerere kudzora kureba kwearc kana welding

[Phenomenon] Iyo arc kureba haina kunyatsogadziriswa zvinoenderana nemhando yegroove, nhamba yewelding layer, welding fomu, electrode mhando, nezvimwewo panguva yekushongedza.Nekuda kwekushandisa zvisina kunaka kwekureba kwewelding arc, zvakaoma kuwana emhando yepamusoro welds.

[Matanho] Kuti uve nechokwadi chemhando yeweld, kushanda kwepfupi-arc kunowanzo shandiswa panguva yekushongedza, asi iyo yakakodzera arc kureba inogona kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro akasiyana kuti uwane yakanakisa welding mhando, senge V-groove butt joint, fillet joint yekutanga Iro yekutanga inofanira kushandisa arc pfupi kuti ive nechokwadi chekupinda pasina undercutting, uye yechipiri layer inogona kureba zvishoma kuzadza weld.Iyo pfupi arc inofanirwa kushandiswa kana iyo weld gap iri diki, uye iyo arc inogona kureba zvishoma kana gaka rakakura, kuitira kuti kumhanya kwewelding kukurumidza.The arc of overhead welding inofanira kuva ipfupi kudzivirira simbi yakanyunguduka kuti isayerera ichidzika;kuitira kudzora tembiricha yedziva rakanyungudutswa panguva yakatwasuka welding uye yakachinjika welding, yakaderera ikozvino uye pfupi arc welding inofanira kushandiswawo.Mukuwedzera, zvisinei kuti imhando ipi yewelding inoshandiswa, inofanirwa kuchengetedza kureba kwearc kusingachinji panguva yekufamba, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hupamhi hwekusanganiswa uye kudzika kwekupinda kweiyo weld yese kunoenderana.

5. Welding haiteereri kudzora welding deformation

[Phenomenon] Kana welding, deformation haina kudzorwa kubva kuzvinhu zvewelding kutevedzana, kurongeka kwevashandi, groove fomu, welding yakatarwa kusarudzwa uye nzira yekushanda, izvo zvinozotungamira kune yakakura deformation mushure mewelding, yakaoma kugadzirisa, uye kuwedzera mitengo, kunyanya kune gobvu. mahwendefa uye makuru workpieces.Kugadzirisa kwakaoma, uye kururamisa kwemuchina kunogona kukonzera kutsemuka kana misodzi yelamellar.Mutengo wekugadzirisa murazvo wakakwira uye kushanda kwakashata kunogona kukonzera kupisa kweiyo workpiece nyore.Kune maworkpieces ane yakakwirira chaiyo zvinodiwa, kana pasina anobudirira deformation control matanho anotorwa, saizi yekuisa yeworkpiece haizadzise zvinodiwa zvekushandisa, uye kunyangwe rework kana zvimedu zvichakonzerwa.

[Matanho] Tora inonzwisisika welding kutevedzana uye sarudza yakakodzera welding maratidziro uye nzira dzekushandisa, uye zvakare tora anti-deformation uye rigid fixation matanho.

6. Discontinuous welding ye-multi-layer welding, isingateereri kudzora tembiricha pakati pezvikamu.

[Phenomenon] Kana uchisecha mahwendefa akakora ane akawanda akaturikidzana, usatarise kune interlayer tembiricha yekudzora.Kana nguva yepakati pakati pematanho yakarebesa, welding pasina re-preheating inokonzeresa kutonhora kutsemuka pakati peturu;kana nguva yacho ipfupi, tembiricha ye interlayer ichaita Kana tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya (kupfuura 900 ° C), inokanganisawo kushanda kweweld uye nzvimbo inobatwa nekupisa, izvo zvinokonzeresa zviyo zvakakora, zvichikonzera kuderera kwekuoma uye plastiki, uye inosiya inogona kuvanzwa njodzi kune majoini.

[Mayero] Kana uchisecha mahwendefa akakora ane akawanda akaturikidzana, kutonga kwetembiricha pakati pematanho kunofanirwa kusimbiswa.Munguva yekuenderera mberi kwekuita welding, kudziya kwesimbi yepasi kuti isungirwe kunofanirwa kutariswa kuitira kuti tembiricha pakati pematanho ichengetedzwe seyakafanana sezvinobvira nekupisa kwekutanga.Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha inodzorwawo.Nguva yewelding haifaniri kunge yakareba.Muchiitiko chekuvhiringidzwa kwewelding, zvakakodzera afterheating uye matanho ekuchengetedza kupisa anofanira kutorwa.Kana welding zvakare, tembiricha yekudziya inofanira kunge yakakwira zvakafanira pane yekutanga preheating tembiricha.

7. Kana iyo yakawanda-layer weld isingabvisi welding slag uye pamusoro peiyo weld ine hurema, iyo yezasi layer yakashongedzwa.

 [Phenomenon] Paunenge uchikwenenzverwa akati wandei emapureti akakora, iyo yezasi layer inosungwa zvakananga pasina kubvisa welding slag uye kukanganisa mushure meimwe neimwe layer yaiswa weld, izvo zvinogona kukonzera slag inclusions, pores, kutsemuka uye kumwe kukanganisa mu weld, kuderedza kusimba kwekubatanidza uye kukonzera yakaderera layer welding nguva inoputika.

[Mayero] Paunenge uchipinza akawanda akaturikidzana emapureti akakora, imwe neimwe layer inofanirwa kugara yakasungwa.Mushure mekunge imwe yega ye weld yakashongedzwa, iyo welding slag, weld surface defects uye spatter inofanira kubviswa munguva, uye kukanganisa kwakadai se slag inclusions, pores uye kuputika kunokanganisa kunaka kwekushongedza kunofanira kubviswa zvachose kusati kwaita.

8. Saizi yejoint butt joint kana kona butt joint yakasanganiswa weld joint inoda kupinda haina kukwana.

[Phenomenon] Majoini akaita T, majoini emuchinjiro, majoini emakona uye mamwe butt kana kona butt akasanganiswa maweld anoda kupinza, saizi yegumbo reweld haina kukwana, kana dhizaini yewebhu nebapiro repamusoro redanda recrane kana zvakafanana. zvikamu zvinoda kuneta kutarisa Kana ukuru hwegumbo rekushongedza kweplate edge connection weld husina kukwana, simba uye kusimba kwekushongedza hazvizoiti zvinodiwa zvekugadzira.

[Matanho] Majoini akaumbwa neT, majoini emuchinjiko, majoini efillet uye mamwe majoini emabutt anoda kupinza anofanirwa kunge aine zvakakwana fillet zvinodiwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.Kazhinji, saizi yeweld fillet haifanire kunge iri pasi pe 0.25t (t ndiyo yakabatana yakatetepa plate ukobvu).Kukura kwegumbo remagetsi emagetsi anobatanidza webhu uye nepamusoro flange yegirder crane kana mawebhu akafanana ane kuneta kutarisa zvinodiwa ndeye 0.5t, uye haifaniri kunge yakakura kudarika 10mm.Kutsauka kunobvumirwa kwehukuru hwewelding ndeye 0-4 mm.

9. Welding plug musoro we electrode kana iron block mune gap rekubatana

[Phenomenon] Nokuti zvakaoma kusanganisa musoro we electrode kana iron block nechikamu chakashongedzwa panguva yewelding, zvinokonzeresa kukanganisa kwewelding senge kusakwana kusanganiswa uye kusakwana kwekupinda, uye kuderedza simba rekubatanidza.Kana yakazadzwa nemisoro ye electrode ine ngura uye zvidhinha zvesimbi, zvakaoma kuve nechokwadi kuti inopindirana nezvinhu zvesimbi yepasi;kana yakazadzwa nemisoro ye electrode uye zvidhinha zvesimbi nemafuta, tsvina, nezvimwewo, inokonzera kukanganisa kwakadai se pores, slag inclusions, uye kuputika mu weld.Aya mamiriro anozoderedza zvakanyanya kunaka kweiyo weld seam yejoinhi, iyo isingakwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemhando yekugadzira uye kutsanangurwa kweiyo weld seam.

[Matanho] <1> Kana gaka regungano reworkpiece rakakura, asi risingapfuure danho rinotenderwa rekushandisa, uye gaka regungano rinopfuura ka2 kukora kweplate yakatetepa kana yakakura kupfuura 20mm, iyo nzira yekumusoro inofanira kuva. inoshandiswa kuzadza chikamu chakadzoserwa kana kuderedza gaka regungano.Izvo zvinorambidzwa zvachose kushandisa nzira yekuzadza iyo welding tsvimbo musoro kana iron block kugadzirisa welding mune gap rakabatana.<2> Paunenge uchigadzira uye kunyora zvikamu, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa pakusiya yakakwana yekucheka mvumo uye welding shrinkage mvumo mushure mekucheka, uye kutonga saizi yezvikamu.Usawedzera gap kuti uve nechokwadi chekukura kwese.

10. Kana mahwendefa ehupamhi hwakasiyana uye hupamhi anoshandiswa pakuita docking, shanduko haisi nyore

[Phenomenon] Kana mahwendefa ehukobvu nehupamhi hwakasiyana achishandiswa kubatanidza butt, usatarise kuti musiyano wekukora wemahwendefa uri mukati meiyo inotenderwa chiyero.Kana isiri mukati meiyo inotenderwa uye isina nyoro shanduko kurapwa, iyo weld seam inogona kukonzera kushushikana kusungirirwa uye hurema hwewelding senge isina kukwana fusion panzvimbo yakakwirira kupfuura ukobvu hweshizha, izvo zvinokanganisa kunaka kwewelding.

[Zviyero] Kana iyo mirairo yakakodzera yakapfuudzwa, iyo weld inofanira kusungirirwa mumateru, uye iyo inobvumirwa kukosha kwemateru inofanira kuva 1: 2.5;kana kuti imwe kana mativi ose maviri ehupamhi hunofanira kugadziriswa kuva mutsetse usati wapisa, uye iyo yakawanda inobvumirwa kukosha kwemateru inofanira kuva 1: 2.5, apo nzvimbo yekugadzira inotakura zvakananga mutoro wesimba uye inoda kutarisa kuneta, kutsetseka hakufaniri kuva. kupfuura 1:4.Kana mahwendefa ehupamhi hwakasiyana-siyana akabatanidzwa butt-akabatanidzwa, kucheka kwemafuta, machining kana kugaya vhiri kugaya kunofanira kushandiswa maererano nefekitari uye nzvimbo yemamiriro ezvinhu kuti iite shanduko yakatsetseka, uye iyo yakawanda inobvumirwa kutsetseka pamubatanidzwa ndeye 1: 2.5.

11. Usateerera kutevedzana kwewelding yezvikamu zvine cross welds

[Phenomenon] Zvezvikamu zvine muchinjiko welds, kana isu tikasateera kuronga zvine hungwaru kutevedzana kwewelding nekuongorora welding kusagadzikana kusunungurwa uye pesvedzero yekusimbisa kushushikana pane chikamu deformation, asi weld vertically uye yakatwasuka zvisina tsarukano, mhedzisiro inokonzeresa longitudinal uye. horizontal majoini kuti adzvinyirire mumwe nemumwe, zvichikonzera yakakura Iyo tembiricha shrinkage stress inozokanganisa ndiro, pamusoro peplate ichave isina kuenzana, uye inogona kukonzera kutsemuka mu weld.

[Zviyero] Zvezvikamu zvine muchinjiko welds, inonzwisisika welding kutevedzana kunofanirwa kuumbwa.Kana paine akati wandei emhando dzakasimukira uye dzakachinjika muchinjikwa welds kuti usungirwe, iwo anochinjika seams ane hombe shrinkage deformation anofanirwa kutanga aiswa weld, uye ipapo longitudinal welds anofanirwa kugadzirwa, kuitira kuti transverse welds irege kumanikidzwa nelongitudinal welds kana. welding the transverse welds, kuitira kuti shrinkage stress ye transverse seams Inosunungurwa pasina kuzvidzora kuderedza weld distortion, kuchengetedza weld quality, kana weld butt welds kutanga uyezve fillet welds.

12. Kana yakatenderedza welding inoshandiswa kune majoini emakumbo echikamu simbi simbi, inoenderera welding ichaiswa pamakona.

[Phenomenon] Kana mubatanidzwa wepamakumbo pakati pechikamu chesimbi tsvimbo nendiro inoenderera yakakomberedzwa newelding, mawelds ari pamativi ese etsvimbo anotanga aiswa weld, uye iwo ekupedzisira welds anosungwa gare gare, uye welding inopera.Kunyangwe izvi zvichibatsira kudzikisira welding deformation, inokonzeresa kushushikana kusungirirwa uye hurema hwewelding pamakona ematanda, izvo zvinokanganisa kunaka kwemajoini akasungwa.

[Zviyero] Kana majoini emakumbo echikamu chesimbi matanda akaiswa welded, welding inofanira kupedzwa nguva dzose pakona pane imwe nguva, uye usaite weld kukona uye kuenda kune rimwe divi rekushongedza.

13. Kuenzana-simba docking kunodiwa, uye hapana arc-kutanga mahwendefa uye inotungamira-kunze mahwendefa kumativi ese ecrane beam wing plate uye web plate.

[Phenomenon] Kana welding butt welds, full-penetration fillet welds, and welds between crane beam flange plates and webs, hapana arc-starting plates and lead-out plates anowedzerwa paarc-start and lead-out points, kuti kana welding magumo ekutanga uye ekupedzisira, Sezvo ikozvino uye magetsi asina kugadzikana zvakakwana, tembiricha yekutanga uye yekupedzisira nzvimbo haina kugadzikana zvakakwana, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira nyore kune hurema hwakadai sekusakwana kusanganiswa, kusakwana kwekupinda, kutsemuka, slag inclusions, uye pores mukutanga uye kupera welds, izvo zvichaderedza simba re weld uye kukundikana kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.

[Zviyero] Kana welding butt welds, full-penetration fillet welds, uye welds pakati pecrane girder flange neweb, arc strike plate nemalead-out plates anofanirwa kuiswa kumigumo yese yeweld.Mushure mekunge chikamu chakaremara chaburitswa kunze kwechishandiso, chikamu chakaremara chinogurwa kuti chive nechokwadi chemhando ye weld.