SMAW, inozivikanwawo se electrode arc welding, inzira yekubatanidza welding umo iyo arc inokonzereswa ne electrode uye zvikamu zvewelding zvinonyungudutswa nekupisa kwearc.Ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye yakajairika welding nzira parizvino.
Arc chinhu chinonzi air conduction phenomenon.Iyo welding arc chinhu chakasimba uye chinoramba chichiburitsa chiitiko chinogadzirwa mumhepo yegesi pakati pe electrode uye workpiece.Munguva yewelding process, iyo electrode uye weldment zvakateerana zvakabatana kune maviri maelectrode eiyo welding simba sosi.Kana iyo welding core ye electrode inobata pamusoro peiyo weldment, dunhu rinovhurwa, uye yakakura pfupi-yedunhu ikozvino inogadzirwa panguva imwe chete.Sezvo kune kumwe kupikisa pakubata, maererano neQ = I2Rt, huwandu hukuru hwekupisa huchagadzirwa ipapo, uye kupisa kuchakurumidza kupisa uye kunyungudutsa kusangana.Kana electrode yasimudzwa ne 2 ~ 4mm, gasi repakati pakati pe electrode uye weldment inoiswa ionized, inogadzira maerekitironi ekufambisa uye ayoni akanaka.Pasi pechiito chemunda wemagetsi, maerekitironi anotamira kune anode, uye ion yakanaka inoenda kune cathode.Dzinodhumhana uye dzinoramba dzichibatana, dzichishandura simba rekinetic kuita simba rekupisa, zvichiita kuti zvive chiedza chakasimba uye kupisa kwakanyanya, uye kugadzira arc pakati pekuguma kwe electrode uye weldment.
Iyo arc inonyungudutsa magumo e electrode uye inoenderana weldment panguva imwe chete.Simbi yeweld inonyunguduka kuita dziva rakanyungudutswa, uye simbi ye electrode inonyunguduka kuita donhwe.Madonhwe akanyunguduka anopinda mudziva rakanyungudutswa pasi pechiito chesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi uye arc kuvhuvhuta simba, kusanganisa nesimbi yeweldment, uye kuita weld mushure mekuoma.Munguva yekugadzira, iyo yekuputira inonyunguduka kuita slag uye yakawanda gasi inogadzirwa, inodzivirira uye inobata metallurgically simbi yakanyungudutswa dziva.
Iyo welding arc ine zvikamu zvitatu: iyo cathode nzvimbo, anode nzvimbo uye arc column nzvimbo.Nzvimbo ye cathode inobudisa maerekitironi, uye tembiricha yakaderera, inenge 2400K;nzvimbo yeanode inogamuchira maerekitironi, uye tembiricha yakakwira, inenge 2600K;tembiricha yepakati yenzvimbo yearc column ndiyo yakakwirira, ingangoita 6000 ~ 8000K.
Paunenge uchishandisa DC arc welding simba sosi (senge arc welding rectifier) yewelding, pane nzira mbiri dzekubatanidza: yakanaka yekubatanidza uye reverse yekubatanidza.Positive connection ndiyo nzira yekubatanidza iyo electrode yakabatanidzwa kune yakaipa electrode uye workpiece yakabatanidzwa kune yakanaka electrode.Sezvo iyo yakanaka electrode inogamuchira maerekitironi uye ichigadzira kupisa kwakawanda, iyo weldment iri nyore kupinda, saka iyi nzira yekubatanidza inowanzoshandiswa pakunama simbi dzakakora.Reverse connection ndiyo nzira yekubatanidza iyo electrode yakabatanidzwa kune yakanaka electrode uye workpiece yakabatanidzwa kune yakaipa electrode.Sezvo kupisa kunogadzirwa nemaerekitironi akabudiswa negerodhi isina kunaka kushoma, iyo weldment haisi nyore kupisa kuburikidza, saka iyi nzira yekubatanidza inowanzoshandiswa kune welding matete workpieces.
Kupisa kunogadzirwa nearc welding kunoenderana nechigadzirwa chearc voltage uye welding current (kureva, Q=IUt).Kazhinji, iyo voltage pakati peweldment uye electrode kana arc yakatsva yakadzika inonzi arc voltage, uye arc voltage inowanzova muhuwandu hwe20 ~ 35V.Nekuti iyo arc voltage inochinja zvishoma, kupisa kwearc kunonyanya kugadziriswa nekugadzirisa welding ikozvino mukugadzira.
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Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-30-2022